Indepth Electrical engineering

Key Electrical High-Voltage Testing Terms 1) Threshold Voltage (Vth or Vgs): The minimum gate-to-source voltage required in a Field Effect Transistor (FET) to establish a conductive path between the source and the drain terminals. Below this value, the transistor remains in a non-conductive state. 2) Withstand Voltage: The maximum voltage that an insulating material or electrical component can sustain without losing its dielectric strength. Exceeding this voltage causes electrical breakdown or permanent damage to the insulation. 3) 100% Flashover Voltage: The voltage level at which a flashover occurs every time the test voltage is applied under specified conditions. It represents the certain flashover point for the test object. 4) 50% Flashover Voltage: The voltage at which there is a 50% probability of flashover occurring under specified conditions when applied repeatedly. Often used in statistical testing of insulators and equipment. 5) AC Test Voltage: An alternating ...

How to Fix Broken Headphones at Home (Step-by-Step Guide) For some people, if their headphones stop working, it’s no big deal. Spending $15–$20 on a replacement pair is just like buying a few cups of coffee. But if you’ve invested $200–$300 in high-quality headphones, throwing them away isn’t an option—you want to repair them. The problem? Manufacturer repairs can cost $100–$200, which is almost the price of a new pair. The good news: with a little DIY effort, you can often fix your headphones yourself at home. Step 1: Assess the Problem Before you grab tools, figure out where the issue lies : Cable issue: Sound cuts in and out when you move the wire near the jack or earpiece. Speaker issue: One ear works while the other is silent. No sound at all: Could be a major wiring or driver issue. Loose connections: Sometimes you can see exposed or frayed wires. 👉 Tip: Gently wiggle the cable while playing music to pinpoint the problem. Step 2: Fixing Cable Issues T...