Indepth Electrical engineering

How Does a Washing Machine Work? – An Engineer’s Guide Most of us use washing machines almost every day, but very few truly understand how they work. Knowing the basic working principle of your washing machine can help you operate it more efficiently, save water and electricity, and extend its lifespan. In India, four main types of washing machines are commonly available: Fully Automatic (Top Load & Front Load) Semi-Automatic Each type has a slightly different working mechanism. Let’s break down how washing machines really work from both a user perspective and an engineering perspective . 1. Fully Automatic vs Semi-Automatic Washing Machines Fully Automatic Washing Machines These are the most convenient machines because they handle everything with minimal human input. You simply load the clothes, add detergent, and press start. Working Principle: Wash Cycle – Water enters through a solenoid-controlled inlet valve, mixed with detergent (dispensed automatically)...

Voltage Levels in Power Transmission and Distribution As an Electrical Engineer, one of the most important concepts to understand in power systems is how voltage levels are varied at different stages of generation, transmission, and distribution . Let’s walk through the process step by step. 1. Voltage Levels in Power Generation At the generating station, electrical power is produced at a medium voltage level , typically in the range of 11 kV to 25 kV . This voltage is available at the stator terminals of the alternators . However, this level is not suitable for long-distance transmission, as losses would be excessively high. Therefore, the generated power is immediately passed through a step-up transformer , raising the voltage to 33 kV or higher . 2. Primary Transmission From the generating substation, the voltage is stepped up further by transmission transformers: 33 kV → 66 kV → 132 kV → 220 kV → 400 kV → 765 kV → even up to 1000 kV (UHV level). This extra hi...