Indepth Electrical engineering

Insulators are used for transmission of High voltages as during transmission of higher voltages bare conductors are used and to hold these bare conductors insulators are used. Pin Type insulator is one of the type. Which will be discussed in brief below:-   Pin Insulator Pin Insulator   is the most earliest developed overhead insulator and is still popularly used in power network up to 33KV system. Pin type insulator Types:- (i)                  One part (ii)                Two parts (iii)              Three parts type depending upon application voltage.  Generally for 11KV voltage system we generally use one part type insulator where whole pin insulator is one piece of properly shaped porcelain or glass. Pin type insulator is show abov...

📘 Capacitor Marking & Coding Guide 1. Direct Value Marking ·          Electrolytic capacitors are usually marked directly: o     Example: 10 μF → 10 microfarads 2. Digit Code System (a) 2-Digit Code ·          Value given directly in pF ·          Example: 21 pF → 21 pico farad (b) 3-Digit Code ·          First 2 digits = significant figures ·          Third digit = multiplier (power of 10) Multiplier Digit Multiplier Value 0 ×1 1 ×10 2 ×100 3 ×1,000 4 ×10,000 5 ×100,000 6 – (rare / obsolete) 7 – (rare / obsolete) 8 ...

Below we study how to Convert Farads into kVAR and Vice Versa. It usually comes in the mind that capacitor used for motors or higher capacity inductive load is in KVAR but capacitor rating is in farad . Then how we can convert KVAR into Farad. This can be explained by some very simple examples as below:- Example 1: A Single phase 400V, 50Hz, motor takes a supply current of 50A at a P.F (Power factor) of 0.6. The motor power factor has to be improved to 0.9 by connecting a capacitor in parallel with it. Calculate the required capacity of Capacitor in both kVAR and Farads. Solution.: (1) To find the required capacity of Capacitance in kVAR to improve P.F from 0.6 to 0.9 (Two Methods) Solution #1 (By Simple Table Method) Motor Input = P = V x I x Cosθ                = 400V x 50A x 0.6                = 12kW From Table, Multiplier to improve PF from 0.60 to 0.90 is 0.849 Required...

📏 Multimeter Basics A multimeter is an essential tool for every electrical and electronics professional. It allows you to measure key parameters like: Voltage (AC/DC) Current (AC/DC) Resistance (Ω) Continuity / Diode testing Sometimes frequency & capacitance (in advanced models) ⚡ Multimeter Terminals (Bottom Ports) A typical digital multimeter (DMM) has three measuring points at the bottom: COM (Common, usually black) Always connect the black probe here. Acts as the reference/ground for all measurements. VΩmA (Voltage, Resistance, and milliampere input, usually red) Use this port when measuring: Voltage (AC/DC) Resistance (Ω) Current in milliamps (mA) Safe for small current measurements (typically up to 200mA or 500mA depending on model). 10A (High Current Input, usually red) Special terminal for high current measurement (up to 10A DC or AC) . Use this ONLY when measuring high current, otherwise it may damage the...

Resistance value can be easily determined from the color coding of resistance. The value of the resistor is marked on the body using colors. Every color is different number and you can remember these numbers or you can just use the table on next step. Below is interpretation for the same. Colors Here is the table with the colors and numbers. As you can see they are: ·          BLACK:     0 ·          BROWN:   1 ·          RED:           2 ·          ORANGE:   3 ·          YELLOW:   4 ·          GREEN:       5 ·       ...

Capacitors are used to store charge so you can say that capacitor is a little like a battery. Although they work in completely different ways, capacitors and batteries both   store electrical energy . Inside the battery, chemical reactions produce   electrons   on one terminal and absorb electrons on the other terminal. A capacitor is much simpler than a battery, as it can't produce new electrons -- it only stores them. Capacitor consist of two metal   plates separated by   a non-conducting substance,   or   dielectric . When DC voltage is applied across capacitor then +ve charge will get accumulated at one plate and –ve charge at another plate. +ve and –ve Charges are of equal amount. A parallel plate capacitor consists of two conducting plates of same dimensions. These plates are placed parallel to each other. Space between the plates is filled with air or any insulating material (dielectric). One plate is connected to positive termin...

Below are very important formulas which are applicable for both electrical and electronic circuits designing:- Above formulas are used in electrical and electronic circuits.