Indepth Electrical engineering

Power Factor Improvement with Capacitor Bank Sizing Why Power Factor Improvement is Needed? Most industries operate with inductive loads (motors, pumps, lighting ballasts, welding machines, etc.), which lower the power factor. Typical industry power factor: 0.80 – 0.85 . Low PF leads to: Higher current flow in the system. Energy losses (15–20%). Utility penalties for reactive power consumption. Maintaining PF near unity (1.0) reduces losses and avoids penalties. Formula for Capacitor Bank Sizing To calculate the required capacitor (kVAR) for PF correction: Q (kVAR) = P (kW) × [ tan ⁡ ( cos ⁡ − 1   PF initial ) − tan ⁡ ( cos ⁡ − 1   PF desired ) ] \text{Q (kVAR)} = \text{P (kW)} \times \left[\tan(\cos^{-1} \, \text{PF}_{\text{initial}}) - \tan(\cos^{-1} \, \text{PF}_{\text{desired}})\right] Where: P (kW) = Active load PF_initial = Present running power factor PF_desired = Target power factor (close to 1) Example Calculation L...

Usually understanding electricity is made very simpler by power distribution companies. Whenever new electricity bill received then everyone reads through it to come to know what is the unit consumption this month and whether this consumption is increasing or decreasing everyone uses some trend analysis. There are some certain terms which should everyone know before understanding electricity bill. Before going in details please look at the bill mentioned above. Sanctioned Load When you look at the bill at the top most there is Name and address is printed on the bill. Then there is Sanctioned load which indicates what is the load sanctioned for Industrial or domestic customers. This is usually sanctioned depending upon load connected at the system . Maximum Demand Indicator Then there is MDI means Maximum demand indicator which indicates the Maximum demand for the current month billing period this Maximum demand should not exceed Sanctioned load. For Industrial ...