Indepth Electrical engineering

High Tension (HT) Cables: Types, Components, and Insulation Levels High Tension (HT) cables are the backbone of modern electrical power systems. Electricity is transmitted and distributed over long distances using HT cables or conductors , making them an indispensable part of power networks. The most commonly used HT cables are XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) cables , which offer high insulation strength, thermal stability, and longer service life compared to traditional PVC cables. 🔹 Types of HT Cables HT cables are classified mainly into two types: Single Conductor HT Cable Contains a single conductor per cable. For a three-phase system, three separate cables are required. Three Conductor HT Cable Contains three conductors within a common jacket. Compact design, often used where space is limited. 🔹 Components of HT Cables Although HT cables may look different externally, they all share five essential parts : Conductor (Copper or Aluminum) ...

Cable Glands: Types, Applications, and Industrial Standards Cable glands are an essential component in electrical and instrumentation installations. They provide mechanical support, environmental protection, and safety for cables entering panels or enclosures. Functions of Cable Glands Cable glands are used for the following purposes: 1.       Strain relief – Prevents tension and stress at cable termination points. 2.       Earthing and grounding – In case of armored cables, they ensure effective bonding. 3.       Cable entry – Provides safe and sealed entry into electrical panels, junction boxes, and enclosures. Types of Cable Glands Different types of glands are used based on cable type and application: 1.       Indoor Glands (Brass material) – For general indoor use. 2.       Outdoor Glands (Brass material) – With wea...

Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) – Types, Working, and Difference from RCCB 🔹 Introduction E lectrical safety is one of the most crucial aspects of any power system. A significant share of accidents occur due to leakage currents that remain undetected by conventional circuit breakers. To overcome this risk, Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (ELCBs) were developed. Over time, however, the traditional Voltage-operated ELCBs have been replaced by modern Current-operated devices (RCCB/RCD), which are more effective in protecting human life and installations. This article explains: What is an ELCB? Types of ELCB (Voltage vs. Current) Why Voltage-operated ELCBs are obsolete Differences between ELCB and RCCB Applications and rating selection 🔹 What is an Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)? An ELCB is a safety device designed to disconnect the supply when leakage currents are detected. Leakage current may occur due to insulation fail...

In small DC machines the coils are directly wound in the armature slots. In large DC machines, the coils are performed and then inserted into the armature slots. Each coil consists of a number of turns of wire, each turn taped and insulated from the other turns and form the rotor slots. Each side of the turn is called the conductor. The number of the conductors on a machine's armature is given by                                       Z= 2CN where : Z= numbers of conductors on rotor C= numbers of coils on rotor N= number of turns per coil There are two types of armature windings in DC motors :- 1.   Lap winding 2.   Wave winding. In this article we will discuss about Lap winding:- Lap Winding:- In this winding continuous coils overlap each other. In this wi...