Indepth Electrical engineering

⚡ Types of Electrical Switches: Usage, Working Principles, and New Developments in Switching Technology Introduction: Why Electrical Switches Are the Silent Heroes of Power Systems In every electrical system—whether it is a residential home, an industrial plant, a power substation, or a smart grid— electrical switches play a silent yet mission-critical role. From turning on a simple light bulb to isolating high-voltage transmission lines, switches ensure control, safety, reliability, and energy efficiency . As an electrical engineer, I often tell students and professionals alike: “If conductors are the arteries of electricity, switches are its nervous system.” With increasing emphasis on smart grids, IoT integration, electrical reliability, and power efficiency , modern electrical switches have evolved far beyond simple ON–OFF devices. This article provides a comprehensive and technically authoritative guide on: Types of electrical switches Their working principles...

  ⚡ Detailed Procedure for Constructing an Earthing Pit & Maintaining Earthing Systems for Long-Term Reliability Introduction A robust and well-designed earthing system is the backbone of electrical safety, power reliability, and fault resilience across industries. Whether it's a residential distribution panel, a 132 kV substation, a solar plant inverter yard, or an industrial automation line with IoT-integrated smart devices, the procedure for constructing an earthing pit and ensuring its continuous maintenance plays a critical role in preventing electric shock, equipment damage, and downtime. Earthing becomes even more crucial today because modern infrastructure — powered by smart grid technologies, IoT integration, renewable systems, sensitive semiconductor-based machines , and high-speed communication — demands near-zero tolerance for fault voltages and high earth resistance. As Nikola Tesla famously said: “Electrical science reveals to us the more we understand,...