Electric Bulb parts and their functions

Electric Bulb (Tungsten Filament Lamp): Parts, Working, and Safety Precautions

The electric bulb is one of the most widely used lighting devices in households, industries, warehouses, offices, and commercial establishments. Although LED lights, CFLs, and decorative lamps are rapidly replacing traditional bulbs, the electric bulb still holds popularity due to its low cost and durability.

These bulbs are also commonly known as tungsten filament lamps, since the filament inside them is made of tungsten.

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Working Principle of an Electric Bulb

When electric current flows through the tungsten filament, it offers resistance. This resistance causes the filament to heat up to nearly 2,500°C, producing visible light along with heat. Tungsten is used because it:

• Has a very high melting point.

• Offers high resistivity.

• Is durable and cost-effective.

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Parts of an Electric Bulb

An electric bulb consists of several components, each serving a critical role:

1. Glass Bulb – Protects the filament and provides an enclosure.

2. Inert Gas (usually Argon) – Prevents filament oxidation and increases lifespan.

3. Tungsten Filament – The main light-producing element.

4. Contact Wires – Provide electrical connection between filament and base.

5. Support Wires – Hold the filament in position.

6. Stem – Central glass support that keeps the filament steady.

7. Screw Threads/Base – Metal portion for fitting into the holder; transfers electricity from the source to the filament.

8. Electrical Foot Contact – Completes the circuit and ensures safe power supply to the filament.

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Safety Precautions While Using Bulbs

Since a tungsten bulb produces a large amount of heat during operation, certain precautions are necessary:

• Avoid touching the bulb immediately after switching it off – the glass surface can cause burns.

• Never place a wet cloth on a hot bulb, as sudden cooling may cause the glass to crack or explode.

• Handle carefully during installation to prevent breakage.

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Electric Bulb vs LED Lights

Feature	Tungsten Bulb	LED Light
Cost	Very low	Higher
Energy Efficiency	Low (most energy lost as heat)	Very high
Lifespan	Shorter	Much longer
Heat Generation	High	Very low
Brightness per Watt	Low	High

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Conclusion

Although LED lights are replacing tungsten bulbs due to their higher efficiency and longer lifespan, electric bulbs remain widely used in many regions because of their low price and availability. They continue to be an essential part of daily life, especially in rural and low-income areas where affordability is a key factor.

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