Indepth Electrical engineering

The Nature of Electricity: Structure, Charges, and Potential Difference Electricity is one of the most essential forms of energy in modern life, powering everything from household appliances to industrial machinery. But what exactly is the nature of electricity? At its core, electricity is the result of the movement of electrons. Natural phenomena such as lightning are examples of electricity in action, while most of the electricity we use daily is generated in power plants. To truly understand the nature of electricity, we must first look at the structure of the atom. Structure of the Atom Every substance in the universe is made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that still retains its chemical properties. Atoms consist of three fundamental particles: Electrons (–): Negatively charged, very lightweight particles. Protons (+): Positively charged particles, about 1,840 times heavier than electrons. Neutrons (0): Neutral particles with no charge. ...

Comparison between lean burn and Rich Burn engines:- After certain emission calibration levels Lean‐burn gas engines are more economical  and these can even operate at higher loads, But in rich‐burn engines have lower emission levels with a single after treatment these are more tolerant of broad fuel ranges and ambient conditions, and generally have better transient load capability. Principle of operation of Rich Burn engines:- Rich‐burn engines operate at principle of stoichiometric air/fuel ratio (AFR) according to this principle air in exact quantity is supplied to burn all of the fuel.  This will leads to reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and HAPS (Hazardous Air Pollutants) after certain treatment for all in one i.e. by using catalytic converter used in cars. Lean burn engines working principle:- In these engines Lean‐burn engines use a lot of excess air. These engines take up to twice the amount needed in r...

Why You Must Know Room Area Before Selecting an Air Conditioner When it comes to buying an air conditioner, one of the most common questions in every customer’s mind is: 👉 “What size of AC is right for my room?” Most people rely on sellers, friends, or other customers’ experiences. But here’s the truth: an incorrectly sized air conditioner will either waste electricity or fail to cool your room properly. That’s why understanding the room area and cooling requirements is crucial before you make your purchase. Why AC Sizing Matters If AC capacity is higher than required: Excessive power consumption Cooling cycle stops early → humidity not removed → damp and clammy feeling Lower efficiency and shorter equipment life If AC capacity is lower than required: Room will never reach comfortable cooling AC runs continuously → higher electricity bills Equipment wears out faster Thus, the right-sized AC ensures effective cooling, proper dehumidification, and ...

ISEER Rating you often spotted on Commercial advertisements for air conditioners and every company is claiming that they are giving highest ISEER rating and rating is also mentioned for the same. They also even claim that their product consumes very low electricity. Now it becomes very important to know about what is ISEER rating? How it is very important parameter before buying a product. In this article we will study about ISEER rating. With everyday new inventions in air conditioning it becomes important for BEE to introduce methodology for measuring efficiency of air conditioners. With invention of inverter air conditioners, it was thought that it may not be successful but inverter air conditioners become very successful. But they were introduced without any star label which becomes very important factor while buying any electrical/ electronic product. So people want star rating of inverter air conditioners. To overcome this problem ISEER was introduced.   Earlier for m...

Why Aluminum Conductors Are Used in Transmission Instead of Copper Conductors Key Requirements for Transmission Line Conductors The materials selected for overhead transmission lines must satisfy the following essential properties: Low cost of construction Low electrical resistivity High electrical conductivity Low temperature coefficient of resistance High current-carrying capacity Adequate mechanical strength Good weather resistance and corrosion resistance Sufficient elasticity for mechanical stability Among available metals, copper, aluminum, and steel are widely considered. In practice, these are often used individually or in composite forms (e.g., ACSR – Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced). Copper vs. Aluminum – A Technical Comparison Conductivity: Copper has the highest conductivity among common conductor materials. Aluminum offers about 61% of copper’s conductivity . Weight: For the same resistance, aluminum weighs nearly half that of...

In every domestic, industrial and commercial establishment there is need of electricity and for measuring power consumption energy meters are installed in all establishments. For domestic connections usually direct meters are used means power supply wires are directly connected at input and output is withdrawn from its output and for large and commercial establishments CT operated energy meters are used as direct meters are not feasible to install as size of these energy meters will be very high. It is usually recommended to install CT operated meters if load requirements from energy meters are more than 15 KW. CT operated meter is most preferable meters in all establishments as they are easy to install and operation is very simple. In this article we study about installation of energy meters both Houses and as well as commercial and industrial establishments:- In Domestic connections both single phase and three phase energy meters are used:- For single phase meters...

Phase preventer are used in industries are having following advantages:- 1.        They uses to protect the motors and electrical systems in case of one/ two phase failure in three phase power system i.e. they can protect the system from single phasing. 2.        They protect the system in case phase sequence gets changed and phase sequence protects the system so that motors could not start operating in reverse direction. 3.        They also protect the system when voltage level falls below a particular level. Phase preventer is also named as single phase preventer. Installation of Phase preventer in electrical systems:- Phase preventer consists of following:- 1.        Terminals for Three phase supply 2.        Terminals for auxiliary supply 3.        NO/ NC contact for interlocking ...